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Fast input / output for competitive programming in Python

By IncludeHelp Last updated : December 08, 2024

In competitive programming it is very important to make the program time efficient. And to make that one major problem is input and output. As input and output of the program occupy more time. So, because of that, the efficiency of code get decreased.

There are some of the specific functions that can be used for fast input and output.

Fast I/O for Competitive Programming in Python

Python provides two file objects stdin and stdout which are a part of the sys module, we can use the readline() method of stdin for input and the write() function of stdout for output.

1. stdin.readline() method

It is used to take the input, it takes the input as a string by default and if you want to take input as an integer then use the eval() or int() functions. If you want to take space separated inputs in a single line then use split().

Syntax

Below is the syntax to use the readline() method:

# import the package
from sys import stdin

stdin.readline(eval(input().split()))

instead of eval() you can also use int(). If you do not use any of these functions, input will be string by default

2. stdout.write() Method

It gives the output in string type. And if you want the multiple outputs in a single statement, use '+' in the between the two.

Syntax

Below is the syntax to use the write method:

# import the package
from sys import stdout

stdout.write('p', + ,'A', +, 'C')

To use the fast input output functions, you need to import the files which contain them i.e. "sys module".

Example 1: Python code for simple input, output

# python program without fast I/O
from time import perf_counter

#integer input from user, 2 input in single line
n,m = map(int,input().split()) 

t1_start = perf_counter()
for i in range(n):
    t=int(input()) # user gave input n times
    if t%m == 0:
        print(t) #print the output if condition satisfied

t1_stop = perf_counter()# Stop the stopwatch/counter

print("Elapsed time:", t1_stop-t1_start) # Report results

Output

Example 2: Python code for fast input, output

# python program with fast I/O

#module contain stdin ,stdout
from sys import stdin, stdout 
from time import perf_counter

#integer input from user ,2 input in single line
n,m=map(int,input().split()) 

t1_start = perf_counter()

for i in range(n):
    t=int(stdin.readline()) # input using fast i/p method 
    if t%m == 0:
        stdout.write(str(t)+'\n') #input using fast o/p method

t1_stop = perf_counter()# Stop the stopwatch

print("Elapsed time:", t1_stop-t1_start) # Report results

Output

It takes 0.004445707999999993 sec time to execute from input to output

Analysis

As you can see in the above code, that time taken by fast input method to run a 100 digit line is half the time taken in simple Input/Output.

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