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    Which type of failure mode is most associated with short and stubby columns?
    
    
        
    51. Which type of failure mode is most associated with short and stubby columns?
    
      - Shear failure
- Torsional failure
- Flexural failure
- Crushing failure
Answer
    The correct answer is: D) Crushing failure
    Explanation
    Rather than buckling or other failure mechanisms more frequently linked to longer, thin columns, short, stubby columns usually break as a result of the material being crushed by the applied compressive pressure.