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C program to find sum and subtraction of two matrices

Here, we are going to learn how to find the sum and subtraction of two matrices in C language.

Problem statement

Given two matrices a and b, write a C program to find its sum and subtraction.

C program to find sum and subtraction of two matrices

Below is the C program to find the sum and subtraction of two matrices:

#include <stdio.h>

#define MAXROW 10
#define MAXCOL 10

/*User Define Function to Read Matrix*/
void readMatrix(int m[][MAXCOL], int row, int col) {
  int i, j;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++) {
      printf("Enter element [%d,%d] : ", i + 1, j + 1);
      scanf("%d", &m[i][j]);
    }
  }
}

/*User Define Function to Read Matrix*/
void printMatrix(int m[][MAXCOL], int row, int col) {
  int i, j;
  for (i = 0; i < row; i++) {
    for (j = 0; j < col; j++) {
      printf("%d\t", m[i][j]);
    }
    printf("\n");
  }
}

int main() {
  int a[MAXROW][MAXCOL], b[MAXROW][MAXCOL], result[MAXROW][MAXCOL];
  int i, j, r1, c1, r2, c2;

  printf("Enter number of Rows of matrix a: ");
  scanf("%d", &r1);
  printf("Enter number of Cols of matrix a: ");
  scanf("%d", &c1);

  printf("\nEnter elements of matrix a: \n");
  readMatrix(a, r1, c1);

  printf("Enter number of Rows of matrix b: ");
  scanf("%d", &r2);
  printf("Enter number of Cols of matrix b: ");
  scanf("%d", &c2);

  printf("\nEnter elements of matrix b: \n");
  readMatrix(b, r2, c2);

  /*sum and sub of Matrices*/
  if (r1 == r2 && c1 == c2) {
    /*Adding two matrices a and b, and result storing in matrix result*/
    for (i = 0; i < r1; i++) {
      for (j = 0; j < c1; j++) {
        result[i][j] = a[i][j] + b[i][j];
      }
    }

    /*print matrix*/
    printf("\nMatrix after adding (result matrix):\n");
    printMatrix(result, r1, c1);

    /*Subtracting two matrices a and b, and result storing in matrix result*/
    for (i = 0; i < r1; i++) {
      for (j = 0; j < c1; j++) {
        result[i][j] = a[i][j] - b[i][j];
      }
    }

    /*print matrix*/
    printf("\nMatrix after subtracting (result matrix):\n");
    printMatrix(result, r1, c1);

  } else {
    printf("\nMatrix can not be added, Number of Rows & Cols are Different");
  }
  return 0;
}

Output

Enter number of Rows of matrix a: 3 
Enter number of Cols of matrix a: 3 

Enter elements of matrix a: 
Enter element [1,1] : 11 
Enter element [1,2] : 22 
Enter element [1,3] : 33 
Enter element [2,1] : 44 
Enter element [2,2] : 55 
Enter element [2,3] : 66 
Enter element [3,1] : 77 
Enter element [3,2] : 88 
Enter element [3,3] : 99 

Enter number of Rows of matrix b: 3 
Enter number of Cols of matrix b: 3 

Enter elements of matrix b: 
Enter element [1,1] : 1 
Enter element [1,2] : 2 
Enter element [1,3] : 3 
Enter element [2,1] : 4 
Enter element [2,2] : 5 
Enter element [2,3] : 6 
Enter element [3,1] : 7 
Enter element [3,2] : 8 
Enter element [3,3] : 9 

Matrix after adding (result matrix): 
12	24	36	 
48	60	72	 
84	96	108	 

Matrix after subtracting (result matrix): 
10	20	30	 
40	50	60	 
70	80	90	

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