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Arithmetic Operators in C/C++

C/C++ programming Arithmetic Operators: In this tutorial, we are going to learn about the various arithmetic operators with their usages, syntaxes and examples.
Submitted by IncludeHelp, on June 02, 2020

What are Arithmetic Operators in C/C++?

Arithmetic operators are the special symbols that are used for the Arithmetic / Mathematical operations. These operators can be unary and binary.

Following are the types of Arithmetic Operators,

• Arithmetic unary operators
• Arithmetic binary operators

Arithmetic unary operators

For the unary operations – we need only one operand. These are the operators,

1. Unary plus (+)
2. Unary minus (-)

Syntax

+a
-a

Example

Input:
int a = -10;
    
Operation & Output:
+a = -10
-a = 10

C++ program to demonstrate the example of arithmetic unary operators

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a = 10;
    int b = -10;

    // printing the values
    cout << "a: " << a << endl;
    cout << "b: " << b << endl;

    // unary plus operations
    cout << "+a: " << +a << endl;
    cout << "+b: " << +b << endl;

    // unary minus operations
    cout << "-a: " << -a << endl;
    cout << "-b: " << -b << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output:

a: 10
b: -10
+a: 10
+b: -10
-a: -10
-b: 10

Arithmetic binary operators

For the binary operations – we need two operands. These are the operators,

Operator	Name	Description
+	Plus operator	Returns the addition of two operands.
-	Minus operator	Returns the subtraction of two operands.
*	Multiplication operator	Returns the multiplication (product) of two operands.
/	Divide operator	Returns the result of the division of two operands i.e. returns the quotient of the division operation.
%	Modulus operator	Returns the remainder of the division operation on two operands.

Syntax

a + b
a - b
a * b
a / b
a % b

Example

Input:
int a = 10;
int b = 3;
    
Operation & Output:
a + b = 13
a - b = 7
a * b = 30
a / b = 3
a % b = 1

C++ program to demonstrate the example of arithmetic binary operators

#include <iostream>
#include <cmath> // for fmod() func.
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int a = 10;
    int b = 3;

    // printing the values
    cout << "a : " << a << endl;
    cout << "b : " << b << endl;

    // arithmetic operations
    cout << "a + b : " << a + b << endl;
    cout << "a - b : " << a - b << endl;
    cout << "a * b : " << a * b << endl;
    cout << "a / b : " << a / b << endl;
    cout << "a % b : " << a % b << endl;
    cout << endl;

    float x = 10.23f;
    float y = 3.10f;

    // printing the values
    cout << "x : " << x << endl;
    cout << "y : " << y << endl;

    // arithmetic operations
    cout << "x + y : " << x + y << endl;
    cout << "x - y : " << x - y << endl;
    cout << "x * y : " << x * y << endl;
    cout << "x / y : " << x / y << endl;
    // % operator doesn't work with float values
    // use fmod() for this
    // cout << "x % y : " << x % y << endl;
    cout << "fmod(" << x << " , " << y << ") : " << fmod(x, y) << endl;

    return 0;
}

Output:

a : 10
b : 3
a + b : 13
a - b : 7
a * b : 30
a / b : 3
a % b : 1

x : 10.23
y : 3.1
x + y : 13.33
x - y : 7.13
x * y : 31.713
x / y : 3.3
fmod(10.23 , 3.1) : 0.93