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Scala Tutorial

In this Scala tutorial, you will learn all important functions and features of Scala that will help you become a successful Scala developer. In this tutorial, will provide you detailed with example content on each e topic of Scala. This tutorial can be used by beginners who need to start their careers as Scala developers and this tutorial can also be useful for professionals.

What is Scala?

Scala, the short form of Scalable language developed by Martin Odersky in 2003. Scala is a general-purpose programming language that supports both object-oriented as well as a functional programming paradigm. There are many reasons why Java developers should learn Scala and its interoperability with Java and multi-paradigm feature make at the best choice.

Scopes of Scala

Some of the scopes of Scala are:

• Scala is an object-oriented programming (OOP), which is useful to create real-world based applications.
• Scala is fully functional programming where functions are treated as first-class citizens and supports many key functional programming features.
• Scala provides support for concurrency and parallelism and provides various libraries and models to achieve this.
• Scala runs on the JVM and is fully interoperable with Java.
• Scala provides a sophisticated type system that combines static typing with flexibility.

Significance of Scala

Scala being a scalable programming language that runs on JVM has a lot of benefits in the long term that can help the programmer:

• It managers Complex service quite efficiently.
• Scala incorporates features of both object-oriented and functional programming language that makes it more suitable for high-end software development that leaves high-quality software.
• Being a JVM completable programming language, Scala offers you scope for development as a replacement of Java.

Why to Learn Scala?

The following are some of the reasons to learn the Scala programming language:

• Scala supports multiple programming paradigms, i.e., it supports object-oriented paradigms as well as functional programming.
• Amongst some core features that make Scala preferable, one is its interoperability with Java, which means Scala code can use Java libraries directly.
• Learning Scala is a bit easier for programmers because of its multi-paradigm nature, which makes it a bit easier to learn than your functional programming languages like Haskell.
• Java developers can use their knowledge of Java to make programs in Scala while learning functional programming. This makes them more productive.

Features of Scala

Some features of Scala are:

• Scala is able to support the backend operations.
• Scala's support for static Type: the code's state is defined at compile time improves runtime efficiency unlike in java.
• Scala gives its users the power to create new frameworks and libraries to perform tasks more effectively.
• Scala is built over java and shares all the features with it as it works on JVM (Java Virtual machine).

Scala First Program

As a first program in Scala, you can write a program to print "Hello, World!". The following is the code to print "Hello, World!" in Scala:

println("Hello, World!")

There are various methods to print text on the screen, read: Printing a line in Scala.

Scala Compiler

The Scala official website provides a user-friendly online compiler where you can write and run your Scala codes: Open Scala Compiler

Learn Scala by Examples

To learn Scala, the easy way is to practice programs (examples). We provided 500+ examples on various topics of Scala: Scala Programs (Examples)

Who can Learn Scala?

Anyone with a basic understanding of programming (especially Java or Python) can learn Scala.

Download Scala

To install Scala on various operating systems, you can download compatible installers for Windows, MacOS, Linux, or others from its official website: https://www.scala-lang.org/download/

Practice Scala

Practice your learning of Scala programming language from our multiple-choice questions and answers: Scala MCQs

Getting Started with Scala Tutorial

These are the Scala topics that we are going to cover in this tutorial:

Scala - Overview

• Scala - Overview
• Scala - Setup Run-Time Environment
• Scala vs. Java
• Scala vs. Kotlin
• Scala vs. Haskell
• Scala vs. Golang
• Scala vs. Python
• Scala - Market Scope
• Scala - Significance
• Scala - Reasons to Learn
• Scala - What Makes It Scalable

Scala - Basics

Scala - Control statements

• Conditional statements in Scala
• Loops in Scala
• The for loop in Scala
• The while loop in Scala
• The do...while loop in Scala
• Nested loops in Scala
• break statement in Scala
• The yield keyword in Scala | for/yield examples
• How to use for loop with multiple counters in Scala?
• How to break a loop in Scala?

Scala - Functions

Scala - Arrays

• Arrays in Scala
• How to print an array in Scala?
• Multi-Dimensional Array in Scala
• ArrayBuffer in Scala (Creating Mutable Arrays)
• How to create a range of characters as a Scala array?
• How to convert a string with newline into a list of strings in Scala?
• Scala array programs

Scala - Lists

1. List in Scala | Complete tutorial on Scala List
2. Creating a list in Scala
3. Scala ListBuffer – Creating Mutable List
4. How to add elements to a List in Scala?
5. How to get the first element of the list in Scala?
6. Getting a random element from a list of elements in Scala
7. Getting multiple, unique, random elements from a list of elements in Scala
8. How to shuffle (randomize) a list in Scala?
9. Appending an Element at the end of List in Scala
10. How to delete elements from a list in Scala?
11. How to flatten a List of List in Scala?
12. How to merge lists in Scala?
13. How to convert List to Map in Scala?
14. How to convert a list to option in Scala?
15. Scala List Concatenation: ++ vs ::: operators, which is better?
16. Difference between Sequence and List in Scala
17. Scala list programs
18. How to convert a Java list of characters to Traversable in Scala?

Scala - Strings

• Scala - Strings
• Scala - String Operations
• Scala - Formatting Strings
• Scala - String Concatenation
• Scala - String Interpolation
• Scala - Convert Hex String to Byte Array
• Scala - Convert Enum to String
• Scala - Convert String to Boolean
• Scala - Regular Expressions
• Scala - StringBuilder
• Scala - Join an Iterable of Strings
• Scala - Use java.String.format()
• Scala - Chop or Chomp String
• Scala - String Methods
• Methods:
  • Scala String charAt() Method with Example
  • Scala String compareTo() Method with Example
  • Scala String compareToIgnoreCase() Method with Example
  • Scala String contentEquals() Method with Example
  • Scala String endsWith() Method with Example
  • Scala String equals() Method with Example
  • Scala String equalsIgnoreCase() Method with Example
  • Scala String getBytes() Method with Example
  • Scala String hashCode() Method with Example
  • Scala String indexOf() Method with Example
  • Scala String intern() Method with Example
  • Scala String lastIndexof() Method with Example
  • Scala String length() Method with Example
  • Scala String matches() Method with Example
  • Scala String startsWith() Method with Example
  • Scala String Subsequence() Method with Example
  • Scala String substring() Method with Example
  • Scala String regionMatches() Method with Example
  • Scala String replace() Method with Example
  • Scala String replaceFirst() Method with Example
  • Scala String replaceAll() Method with Example
  • Scala String split() Method with Example
  • Scala String toCharArray() Method with Example
  • Scala String toLowerCase() Method with Example
  • Scala String toUpperCase() Method with Example
  • Scala String trim() Method with Example

Scala - Classes and Objects

• Scala - Classes and Objects
• Scala - Objects
• Scala - Access Modifiers
• Scala - this Keyword
• Scala - Object vs Class
• Scala - Getters and Setters
• Scala - Constructors
• Scala - Traits
• Scala - Trait App
• Scala - Trait Mixins
• Scala - Trait Linearization
• Scala - Sealed Trait
• Scala - Abstract Classes
• Scala - Abstract Types vs Generics
• Scala - Case Object vs Object
• Scala - Singleton and Companion Objects
• Scala - Field Overriding
• Scala - Super Class Constructor Call
• Scala - Packages
• Scala - Traits vs Abstract Class
• Scala - Monads
• Scala - Extractors
• Scala - Methods to Call Options
• Scala - Object Casting
• Scala - Value Class
• Scala - StringContext Class
• Scala - Object Equality
• Scala - Deep Copy vs Shallow Copy
• Scala - Case Class and Case Object
• Scala - Case Class vs Class
• Scala - Inner Class
• Scala - Inheritance
• Scala - Enumeration
• Scala - Case Objects vs Enumerations
• Scala - Annotations

Scala - Collections

• Scala - Collections
• Scala - Collection Hierarchy
• Scala - BitSet
  • Scala - BitSet --() Method
  • Scala - BitSet +() Method
  • Scala - BitSet ++() Method
  • Scala - BitSet &() Method
  • Scala - BitSet &~() Method
  • Scala - BitSet apply() Method
  • Scala - BitSet count() Method
  • Scala - BitSet exists() Method
  • Scala - BitSet equals() Method
  • Scala - BitSet drop() Method
  • Scala - BitSet DropRight() Method
  • Scala - BitSet DropWhile() Method
  • Scala - BitSet copyToArray() Method
  • Scala - BitSet diff() Method
• Scala - HashMap
• Scala - Streams
• Scala - Stack
• Scala - Sorting Collections
• Scala - Vectors
• Scala - Tree Set
• Scala - Sequence
• Scala - SortedMap
  • Scala - SortedMap addString() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap copyToArray() Method with Example
  • Scala - SortedMap empty() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap exists() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap filter() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap filterKeys() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap toArray() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap find() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap foreach() Method
  • Scala - Scala SortedMap max() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap mkString() Method
  • Scala - SortedMap tail() Method

Scala - Sets

• Scala - Set Tutorial
• Scala - Set Functions
• Scala - Get First Element from Set
• Scala - Delete Elements from Set
• Scala - Create Mutable Set
• Scala - Convert Set to SortedSet
• Scala - Set &() Method
• Scala - Set drop() Method
• Scala - HashSet
• Scala - Convert Java Set of Shorts to String
• Scala - Convert Java Set of Floats to Vector
• Scala - Convert Java Set to String

Scala - Tuples

• Scala - Tuples

Scala - Date and Time

• Scala - Check Current Date and Time
• Scala - Get Current Year as Integer
• Scala - Create Date from Long

Scala - Exceptions

• Scala Exceptions
• Scala catchAll Object
• Scala - How to Throw an Exception?

Scala - Maps

• Scala - Maps
• Scala - map() Method
• Scala - flatMap() Method
• Scala - Create a Map
• Scala - Iterate Map
• Scala - Reverse Map Keys and Values
• Scala - Convert Immutable to Mutable Map
• Scala - Convert HashMap to Map
• Scala - Concatenate Two Maps

Scala - Pattern Matching

• Scala - Pattern Matching

Scala - Threading

• Scala - Multithreading

Scala - File Handling

• Scala - File Handling
• Scala - Write to a File
• Scala - Read Entire File

Miscellaneous

• Scala - Power (Exponentiation) Function
• Scala - Upper Bound
• Scala - Binary Search
• Scala - REPL (Interpreter)
• Scala - Command Line Arguments
• Scala - Implicit Resolution