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Network Security - Phishing and Social Engineering Attacks

By IncludeHelp Last updated : July 27, 2024

In today's digital era, cybersecurity threats are everywhere. Two common threats are phishing and social engineering attacks. It is crucial to understand these as it can help you protect yourself and your information online. This tutorial will explain what these attacks are, how they work, and how you can avoid them.

What is Social Engineering?

Social engineering is a broader term that refers to different methods used to manipulate people into giving up confidential information. Phishing is a type of social engineering. Other methods include pretexting, baiting, and quid pro quo attacks.

Types of Social Engineering Attacks

1. Whaling

Whaling targets top-level CEOs or managers in a company. Scammers pretend to be other senior employees and send fake urgent messages to these executives to get their sensitive information or money. Because of their position, if these high-level people fall for the scam, the damage can be significant.

2. Baiting

Baiting involves offering something of value to lure victims into a trap. For example, an attacker might leave a USB stick labelled "Confidential" in a public place, hoping someone will pick it up and plug it into their computer. Once plugged in, the USB stick can install malware or steal information from the victim's computer. Baiting can also happen online, where victims are promised free downloads or gifts in exchange for their details.

3. Pretexting

In pretexting, the attacker creates a false story or scenario to trick someone into giving their personal or confidential information.

For example, the scammer might call and pretend to be from the victim's bank, claiming they need to verify their account information due to suspicious activity. The victim falls into a trap and provides their account details, which the attacker then uses for fraudulent purposes. Pretexting is like convincing the person that the false scenario is real.

4. Tailgating

Tailgating, also known as piggybacking, is when an unauthorized person follows someone into a secure or restricted area. For example, an attacker might wait near the entrance of a building and quickly slip in behind an employee who has used their access card to open the door. Sometimes, the attacker might start a conversation with the employee to gain trust. This method allows the attacker to gain physical access to areas they shouldn't be in. This leads to further security breaches.

5. Watering Hole

A watering hole attack targets websites that a specific group of people often visit. The attacker identifies these sites and infects them with malicious software. When members of the targeted group visit that particular website, the malware can steal their login credentials or install additional harmful software on their computers.

What is Phishing?

Phishing is a type of social-engineering attack where attackers try to get your personal information, like passwords, credit card numbers, account pin, etc. They often do this by pretending to be a trustworthy source, such as your bank or a popular website.

How Phishing Works?

• Email Scams: You receive an email that makes us believe that it is from a legitimate company. The email asks you to click on a link and enter your personal information.
• Fake Websites: The link takes you to a website that looks real but is fake. When you enter your information, the attackers capture it.
• Attachments: Some phishing emails contain attachments. When you open the attachment, it can install malicious software on your computer.

How to Protect from Phishing and Social Engineering Attacks?

To protect yourself from phishing and social engineering attacks, use the following practices:

• Be Skeptical: Always question unexpected requests for personal information.
• Verify Requests: Contact the company directly using a known phone number or website to verify requests. Never respond to spam numbers.
• Use Strong Passwords: Create unique, strong passwords for different accounts.
• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): This adds an extra layer of security to your accounts.
• Software Updates: Ensure your operating system, browsers, and antivirus software are up-to-date.