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Network Security Principles - Authentication

By IncludeHelp Last updated : July 27, 2024

What is authentication in network security?

Authentication in network security refers to validating a user's identity or device before providing access to a system or network. This prevents un-authorised access and potential security breaches.

Types of Authentication Methods

There are mainly 5 types of authentication methods, such as:

1. Password-Based Authentication
2. Biometric Authentication
3. Two-factor authentication (2FA)
4. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)
5. Token-Based Authentication

1. Password-Based Authentication

This is the most common form of authentication where users enter a secret password to gain access. The system checks the entered password against a stored one.

Suppose, when logging into an email account, the user types in their email ID and password. If the entered password matches the one stored in the email service’s database, access is granted. To keep the account safe, it's important to use strong and unique passwords, change them regularly, and not share them with anyone. These steps help protect the account from being hacked or misused.

2. Biometric Authentication

This method uses unique biological characteristics to verify identity, such as fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans.

Suppose, when unlocking a smartphone, you place your finger on the fingerprint scanner. If it matches the stored fingerprint data, the phone unlocks. To keep things safe, make sure the phone stores your fingerprint data securely. It's also a good idea to use other security measures like a PIN or pattern lock along with fingerprint scanning. This way, your phone stays protected from unauthorized access or theft. These steps help make sure your smartphone is secure and only accessible to you.

3. Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)

This involves two separate methods of authentication from different categories: something you know (password) and something you have (a mobile device).

When accessing an online banking account, you first enter your password. After that, you receive a code on your mobile device. Access is granted only if both the password and the code are correct. To keep your account safe, it's important to enable two-factor authentication (2FA) on all accounts that offer it. This adds an extra layer of security beyond just your password. Also, make sure to keep your mobile device secure, as it's the second factor in the authentication process. These steps help ensure that your online banking account is protected from unauthorized access and potential fraud.

4. Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA)

This is similar to 2FA but involves more than two methods of verification. It could include a password, a biometric factor, and a token.

For example, when accessing a corporate network, employees follow a specific process. They start by entering a password, then scan their fingerprint, and use a security token to complete the login. For better security, it's essential to use Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA) for sensitive or critical systems like corporate networks. MFA adds extra layers of protection beyond just a password, making it harder for unauthorized users to gain access. Another important practice is to regularly update and manage all authentication factors, including passwords, fingerprints, and security tokens. This helps ensure that the corporate network remains secure against potential threats and unauthorized access attempts.

5. Token-Based Authentication

This method uses a token, a small hardware device or software token, to generate a unique, time-sensitive code for authentication.

For example. when logging into a secure company VPN, employees start by entering a username and password. After that, they enter a code generated by either a hardware token or an app on their device. It is important to protect these tokens from theft or loss as they provide an additional layer of security. Using tokens alongside other authentication methods like passwords adds extra protection against unauthorized access. By following these practices, companies can ensure their VPN access remains secure and safeguarded against potential breaches.

Some Common Authentication Practices

• Passwords: Users enter a secret combination of characters known only to them to access their accounts.
• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA): Adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second form of verification, such as a code sent to a phone.
• Biometrics: Uses physical traits like fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans to verify identity.
• CAPTCHA: Challenges users to prove they're human by completing tasks like typing distorted text or selecting images.
• Token-Based Authentication: Utilizes a physical or virtual token that generates a one-time password for each login attempt.
• Single Sign-On (SSO): Allows users to access multiple applications or services with a single set of login credentials.
• OAuth: Enables secure access to third-party applications without sharing credentials, often used for social media logins.