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Network Security - SSL/TLS Protocols

By IncludeHelp Last updated : July 28, 2024

What is SSL/TLS?

SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and TLS (Transport Layer Security) are cryptographic protocols that provide secure communication over a computer network. TLS is the successor to SSL and is more secure, but SSL is still widely used to refer to both protocols.

Why SSL/TLS is Important?

1. Data Encryption: SSL/TLS encrypts data transmitted between a web server and a client, ensuring that sensitive information like passwords, credit card numbers, and personal details remain private.
2. Authentication: It verifies the identity of the parties involved in the communication, ensuring that you are connected to the legitimate website.
3. Data Integrity: It ensures that data is not altered during transit, preventing tampering by attackers.

How SSL/TLS Works?

SSL/TLS protocols operate through a series of steps known as the SSL/TLS handshake. Here's a simplified breakdown:

1. Client Hello: The client (your browser) sends a message to the server with a list of supported encryption methods.
2. Server Hello: The server responds with its chosen encryption method and its SSL/TLS certificate.
3. Certificate Exchange: The server sends its certificate, which includes the server's public key. The client uses this to authenticate the server.
4. Key Exchange: Both parties generate a shared secret key used for encryption during the session.
5. Secure Connection: Encrypted communication begins, ensuring secure data transfer.

Real-World Example

Imagine you're shopping online. When you enter your payment details, SSL/TLS ensures that this sensitive information is encrypted and securely transmitted to the online store's server.

1. Client Hello: Your browser connects to the online store and sends a list of supported encryption methods.
2. Server Hello: The online store’s server responds with its chosen encryption method and its SSL/TLS certificate.
3. Certificate Exchange: The server sends its certificate, which your browser uses to verify the server's authenticity.
4. Key Exchange: Both your browser and the server create a shared secret key.
5. Secure Connection: Your payment information is encrypted and securely sent to the server.

SSL/TLS Certificates

To establish a secure connection, websites need an SSL/TLS certificate issued by a Certificate Authority (CA). This certificate includes:

• The domain name
• The organisation's name
• The public key
• The certificate's expiration date
• The CA's digital signature

Types of SSL/TLS Certificates

1. Domain Validated (DV) Certificates: Basic level of validation, ensuring the domain is registered.
2. Organization Validated (OV) Certificates: Higher level of validation, including the organization's identity.
3. Extended Validation (EV) Certificates: Most stringent level, providing maximum trust by verifying the legal entity.

Implementing SSL/TLS on Your Website

To secure your website with SSL/TLS, follow these steps:

1. Purchase an SSL/TLS Certificate: Choose a reputable Certificate Authority and buy the appropriate certificate.
2. Install the Certificate: Install the SSL/TLS certificate on your web server. Your hosting provider can assist with this.
3. Update Your Website: Ensure all links and resources use HTTPS instead of HTTP.
4. Test the Connection: Use online tools to verify that your website is correctly configured for SSL/TLS.