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Linux Hardware Configuration

By Monika Sharma, on February 16, 2020

What Hardware Configuration is Required to Run Linux?

When setting up Linux, understanding the necessary hardware configuration is crucial. Since the requirements for Linux can change over time, it's important to stay updated. The Linux Hardware-HOWTO provides a comprehensive list of supported hardware, while the Linux INFO-SHEET offers another useful summary.

Supported Processors for Linux

For Intel-based systems, Linux is compatible with a range of processors, including 80386, 80486, Pentium, and Pentium II. Non-Intel clones of these processors generally work well with Linux, too.

Compatible System Architectures for Linux

Linux supports several system architectures, including ISA, EISA, VESA Local Bus, and PCI. The MCA architecture (found in IBM PS/2 machines) has had limited support since the 2.1.x kernel series but may not yet be fully reliable.

Memory Requirements for Running Linux

At least 4 megabytes of memory is required to run Linux. Although Linux can operate with just 2 megabytes, most installations and software require a minimum of 4 megabytes. For a smoother experience, especially if using X-Windows, 16 megabytes is the absolute minimum, with 64 megabytes being preferable.

Hard Drive Requirements for Linux Installation

A hard drive is essential for installing Linux. Linux supports all MFM, RLL, and IDE drives and controllers. Additionally, many SCSI drives and controllers are compatible. The Linux SCSI-HOWTO provides more details on SCSI. If you're building a system from scratch for Linux, investing in SCSI can offer better performance and reliability.

CD-ROM Drive Requirements for Linux Installation

A CD-ROM drive is necessary for installing most Linux versions, as they are typically distributed on CD-ROM. For systems built in 1998 or later, you should be able to boot Linux directly from the CD-ROM. If your CD-ROM is ATAPI, SCSI, or genuine IDE, it should work without issues. However, if your CD-ROM uses a proprietary interface card, the installation boot floppy might not recognize it, which could prevent installation.

Booting Linux from a CD-ROM or Floppy Disk

If your CD-ROM drive is not part of your machine's boot sequence, you'll need a 3.5" floppy drive to initiate the installation.

Video Card and Monitor Compatibility with Linux

Linux is compatible with various video cards and monitors, including MDA, Hercules, CGA, EGA, VGA, and Super VGA. Generally, if your video card and monitor work under MS-DOS or Windows, they should also work under Linux.

Disk Space Requirements for Linux Installation

You'll need sufficient free space on your hard drive to install Linux. The required space depends on the amount of software you plan to install and the intended purpose of your system. Typically, most Linux systems require around a gigabyte of space, which includes space for the software, swap space, and additional free space for users. While a minimal Linux system might run in 80 megabytes or less, a full setup could require two gigabytes or more.

Running Linux on a Windows System (Dual Boot)

If you're already running Windows on your system, you likely have the necessary hardware configuration to run Linux. Additionally, you can set up a dual-boot system, allowing you to run both Windows and Linux on the same machine.