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BMD: Full Form, Working of BMD Test, and BMD Outcomes

By Anushree Goswami Last updated : December 9, 2023

BMD: Bone Mineral Density

BMD is an abbreviation of "Bone Mineral Density". It alludes to an X-ray test that quantifies the density of minerals in individual bones, e.g. bone density. It demonstrates how many grams of calcium and other minerals are loaded per unit volume of an individual's bone. This test signifies the strength and fitness of an individual's bones. Generally, individuals who are at the possibility of osteopenia (gentle bone loss) and osteoporosis (rigorous bone loss) go through this test.

As a result, the BMD test is carried out to:

• To find out reduction in bone density prior to an individual acquires a bone fracture.
• To analyze and detect osteoporosis.
• To keep an eye on osteoporosis cure.

Working of BMD Test

The working of BMD Test is a simple, non-invasive course of action that needs no medication. It comprises a low radiation experience and an individual is needed to lie down and stretch out on a bench or table throughout the test.

There are two categories in which bone density scan is classified:

• Central DXA: In this scan, an X-ray machine scans an individual's spine, hip and other bones in his torso.
• Peripheral DXA: In this scan, an X-ray machine scans the bones of forearm, wrist, fingers or heel of an individual.

BMD Outcomes

BDT outcomes are accounted as T-scores. A T-score is a contrast consideration of an individual bone density with the bone density of a 30-year old well fit person. Therefore, it specifies how much an individual bone density is higher or lower than the bone density of a healthy 30-year old person.

• T-score between 1 and -1: Normal bone density
• T-score between -1 and -2.5: Low bone density (osteopenia)
• T-score of -2.5 or below, e.g. -2.6, -3.2 points toward Osteoporosis

In addition, BMD test is suggested by a doctor as a precautionary test for bone density under the given following conditions:

• An X-ray displaying bone loss in an individual’s spine
• Back pain with a feasible fracture or bone loss in an individual’s spine
• Height diminishes by half or more inch within one year
• long-standing use of steroids that may inferior bone density
• Subsequent to a organ or bone marrow transplant as anti-rejection drugs may have an effect on the bone-rebuilding progression
• Postmenopausal woman at the age of 50 or more
• All women over the age of 65, as they are further susceptible to fractures